Thursday, November 29, 2007

Critical Thinking 22-3!

How did Hoover's belief in "rugged individualism" shape his polities during the Great Depression?

Hoover faced many challenges being the president of the time for the Great Depression. He need to figure out a way to try and pull America out of the situation that it had fallen in to. His policies became to be focused around his idea of rugged individualism were people should succeed through there own efforts. He thought that families should take care of themselves during this trying period and that they should not become so dependent on the governments help. He had a belief that hand outs would weaken peoples self respect and because of that he did not support any form of welfare or direct relief to those that were in need. Hoovers response to everything that was going on was infuriating to the many people that did not what to be strengthened moral but just wanted to survive the day. The depression seem to take hold of the country and people grew more and more frustrated with Hoovers refusal to really ge t out there and help them. He did try ways to help the economy, such as calling together leaders of big businesses, banking, and labor to try and encourage them in ways to improve the nation with less pay cuts and lay offs and other cautious approaches of that sort. It turned out though that these approaches still might have leaned a little too much on the " rugged individual" idea and were still to mild.


Critical Thinking 22-3!

How was what happened to men during the Great Depression different from what happened to women? Children?

The Great Depression yielded a different effect on men then on women and on children. Though in the times of the Great Depression, many families tried to stay together and become united during the hard times, they still felt a huge amount of pressure and tension from the economic hardships and families would begin to come undone under the strain. On one hand there was the men who felt a great amount of depression while trying to cope with unemployment while they were so used to being the ones to go out and bring home the money and the food and support there families. Men would wander the streets searching for work, but this proved a difficult feat and many gave up altogether and just left there families. These men would not really go on to find much better wandering the streets and showing up at homeless shelters. Then there was the women who to were forced to work extremely hard. The focused on trying to keep there families from falling apart and help them survive. There was also the working women who were still trying to support with jobs. These women though became the targets of much resentment from people who believed that women did not have the right to work in a time were it was so crucial for men to find work and that the women were stealing the jobs that should have been given to the man. A major difference between the hardships of men and women in this time period was that mens struggles were much more publicly known the the ones women were having. People assumed that because they saw more men out on the streets that must mean that more men were suffering then women but that was not true, women were suffering and starving to death but were just more ashamed to show it so they ended up freezing and starving to death in there own homes were they received less public recognition. Children were also suffering with a lack of money and health care they were facing serious health problems. Many boys left home in search of work. Even though they were in some danger and had no idea what to expect they were differnt then men in away because they were sometimes able to see the more adventurous side of the whole thing explaining that, "There was no feeling in the world like sitting in a side-door Pullman ans watching the world go by..."( George Phillips P.682)

Critical Thinking 22-4!

Judging from the events of the late 1920s and early 1930s, how important do you think public confidence is to the health of the economy?

Public confidence was something that really influence the health of the economy. In the late 1920s and early 1930s it was shown that the United States citizens were showing a over confidence in the stock market. As the stock market grew to be a symbol of a prosperous American economy, more and more people stated to show confidence and a desire to invest in the stock market. The market was growing fast and people wanted to take advantage of this situation called a "bull market" were they would buy the stocks while the stocks were rising. So many wealthy or wealthy hopefuls had bought stock at this point that around out 4 million people held shares in 1929. Most of these people were living in the now and only thinking about what they were buying in speculation terms, were you would buy money for quick profit instead of taking in to account the possible negative ramifications. Americans showed such a confidence in the market that it lead to irresponsible activities like buying on margin, where you pay some for the stock and then take out a loan for the rest. This was a bad idea because if the people lost money in the stock market then how would they be able to pay off the money that they had been loaned in the first place. All this buying lead to a peak in prices and then a recession where the prices would start to fall. This then lead to much panic as people tried to pull out to trying and save there money, but it was useless for many when the bottom of the market fell out and prices plunged so low that many lots all they had. With the decline in prices came a decline in people confidence. This overwhelming confidence that they could make money now and forget the future lead to some serious peoples that the Americans would have to face through the 1930s.

Wednesday, November 28, 2007

Current Events Summery 4

Forign Relations
China

China is a nation that is a growing in its prsuit of new technologies. This has caused some tension between with the united states who have presented to congress that china has to be watched and that more protection has to be taken. It has been disscused that China has been growing in bussiness and technology both legally and illigally through spying but reps from Beijing have denied this. Congress has been avised to take more security meassures to prevent a possiblity military techonolgy theft. These reports have also chosen to report unfavorable things about Chinese miltary, economy, as well as there media. Another concern with China is the pressure that the nation is reciving from other countries such as the united states and other europen countries, to revalue to try and reduce its huge trade surplus. They belive that the yuan(Chinese currency) should become higher causing Chinese goods to decrease in price and therefore causing a less extreme trade surplus. This pressure is coming expecially now from the united states, whose money has reach a very low point, because they belive that the Chinese curency creates a unfair balance. This is has now also lead to European leaders joing this critisim for the first time as well. It has also been reported that China will be willing to join these talks and try to adjust there economy for advancement, though comments of what have been going on have benn vague. China has been a part of negotiations with France including french industrialist and the President Sarkozy. This has lead to a trade deal woth around 20bn euros. This trip was also used to try and persuade Chinas veiws on things such as currency and the death penalty. IN other news dealing with the talks between China and Sarkozy, he warned China that they could be penalized for the cheap goods that they were importing from high Carbon emmiting countries because they were not up to the strict environmental stadards. China has also been involved in relations with rebelas in Darfur. China had sent over peacekeepers into the dagorus nation but soon after people started to arrive they weredemanded to pull out. Many belived that Chinas involvement in the Darfur and Sudanese region are having more to do with the politics of oil then anything else.

Thursday, November 15, 2007

Critical Thinking 21-4!

What did the Harlem Renaissance contribute to both black and general American history?

The Harlem Renaissance was a literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture. One main movement was in writing where African Americans could express the struggles and trials of being black in a white world. Also they could use writing to celebrate who they were and what they had become and what there heritage was. These writings would also go on to have a effect of American history because they could encourage future African Americans to fight against prejudice and discrimination. Not only was writing important but entertainment such as music and plays were also now used to show case the talents of many black performers like in the black musical comedy Shuffle along. Music and dancing is important to American histories society and it was something that was really brought out in the 20s. Jazz and blues artist showcased there talents and brought many people out to listen and dance and enjoy this fresh kind of entertainment. The Harlem Renaissance real help the 20s become open to expressing different cultural views, which is something that is very important in American history.


Critical Thinking 21-5!

Do you think that the passage of the Volstead Act and the ruling in the Scopes trial represented genuine triumphs for traditional values.

In the end i think that the Volstead Act and prohibition and the the ruling of the scopes trial all represented triumphs for traditional values. As the world and society life was changing rapidly in urban areas with the inventions, drinking, party, and other self indulgences some were still holding tight to traditional more simple values. Two ways in witch traditional values generally triumphed was with the prohibition act, where alcohol was deemed illegal. Though many people decided not to fallow this law and live above while smuggling alcohol and opening up secret clubs in the end when you look at the law it generally did have a decreasing effect on peoples consumption of alcohol and that is what the act set out to do even though it did also lead more people to find ways around the law. Then there was the ruling of the Scopes trial witch was also a very important traditional values win. Religion is more predominate in traditional values where as newer values might have looked towards newer theories such as evolution. When a school teacher in Tenn. named Scopes tried to teach the theory of evolution in his class room, he was prosecuted for it. This trial lead to a triumph in religious values because the man was ultimately found guilty and fined for teaching evolution rather then creation.


Critical Thinking 20-3!

Do you think Americans were justified in their fear of radicals and foreigners in the decade following world war 1?


No, I do not think that the Americans were justified in there fear of radicals and foreigners fallowing world war 1. Many people were suffering after the war because no more war supples needed to produced and so the economy was not as big which meant it was yielding less jobs. This was made even worse by the fact of all the soilders that were know returning home looking for work who needed work and could not afford to lose jobs to foreign workers. This along with Russia declaring to spread communism lead to much irrational fear of foreigners leading to such acts to try and keep "America for America" like the quota system that established the maximum number of immigrants that could enter from a nation into our country. Then there was the Americans fear of radical groups with in America such as communism and the KKK. These groups did not completely justify American fear. Especially in the case of the communism red scare, where people would fear acts from communism groups like mailed bombs, even though it tuned out that these bombs might not have even been sent by communist groups. Then there was the fact that peoples fear lead to the Palmer Raids, witch were unjust because Palmer was a hopeful for running for president and he was probably only having these raids of "suspected" communists to try and gain public support, peoples fear was irrational because they found very little to fear and only ended up breaking a lot of peoples civil rights.

Sunday, November 4, 2007

Critical Thinking 19-5!

Predict Germany's reaction to the Treaty of Versailles? Give reasons for your predictions.

I think that Germany would have a very unsettling and unjust feeling towards the Treaty and just fully so. First of all there was the unfair war-guilt clause that pretty much forced the Germans to admit full responsibility for stating the war. Though Germany had been a big driving force in the construction of this war they were not alone and other European countries were just as guilty as fueling the war and provoking diplomatic crisis as the Germans were. I think that the Germans would feel wronged by being the only country forced to take the blame when in truth it was not all there fault.

Then there would be a reaction of outrage about the huge amount of money that the Germans now owed the Allies and the land that they were being made to give away or back. These two things went hand in hand because there was no way that the Germans were going to be able to pay that sum of money and one of the ways to help raise that money that they could never fully pay was to use the land they possessed in the pacific, but they couldn't because that land had been taken away.

Critical Thinking 19-3!

Why didn't the Treaty of Versailles lay the foundations for lasting peace?

When the war was finally reaching its final end, the leaders of the nations, including the defeated ones met in Versailles to sign a treaty. This Treaty established nine new nations that included Poland, Czechoslovakia, and later Yugoslavia. It also lead to shift in the boundaries of other countries. It created separate territories and land was distributed to other nations. Also Germany was banned from having a maintained army, made them return land to France and they were also expected to pay for damages in the war take would amount to somewhere around 33 billion dollars for the Allies. This treaty was not going to lay down a foundation for lasting peace. First, the obvious treatment of Germany as the wrong doing party would create tension between it and other countries in Europe. The treaty pretty much forced Germany to take full responsibility for the war even though it was not they only driving force in the war. Also there was the statement in the treaty of where land should be given or who should own it, this to would lead to much tension because countries were losing land and territories. Also this treaty was ignoring others such as the claims of colonized people fro the same rights as the people in the western nations.

Critical Thinking 19-5!

Do you think that the war had a positive or negative effect on American society?

I believe that the war held a positive effect for American society. One major improvement in society was the new opportunities that would become available for African Americans and women because of the war. This happened when Great Migration, where thousands of African Americans moved from the south to northern cities, started. Because of the war, there was a huge dip in European immigration which lead to an increase in job opportunities for the large number of African Americans now in the north.

During this time, women saw there roles expanding as well. They started to take jobs such as cooks, railrod workers, and dockworkers that before had been only really available for men. Women were showed support for there work and were starting to get more reconiazation in the public. This lead to congress finally passing the Nineteenth Amendment , where women were given the right to vote. This had been something that women had been fighting for for so long and to have finally archived it was a huge positive step in American society and for women suffrage.

Critical Thinking 19-3!

How did the war affect government power?

The war saw a affect of greater government power and control. The government was given more control in the economy. This was because companys had to really focus on the war, so they went from making mostly consumer products to was supplies. This was a very complex and impoertant responsiblilty and was to much for private industries to handle so the government steped in. Wilson was given the power of direct control over the economy and his powers included fixing prices and regulating war related industries. This control lead to federal board like the The war Industries Board being created to help giude companys and regulate the economy as well as improve work condidtions. The wilson was given the powed to set up the Food Administartion as well. The government also spent so much on the war that taxes, such as the income taxes, were used frequently to help relive debt. The government who feared negitive propaganda went on to exercise even more power by passing the Espionage and Sedition Act. This act really deminstrated government power because it went aganst free speech because the act would prosacute anybody for interfering with the war effort or saying anyting disloyal or abbusive about the government and the war effort.



Critical Thinking 19-3!

In what ways did WWI represent a frightening new kind of warfare?

WWI in general was a terrifying war. This war was one of the bloodiest of all time. 22 million people died and half of them were civilians. This meant that war was not only causing death to troops but was reaching civilians. This would cause a general feeling of terror and paranoia in the general public because it was a very real thing that any day the war could reach you. The numbers of refugees and wounded were incredibly high, 10 million and 20 million respectively.

This war brought with military weapons that were very frighting. Machine guns, tanks, and poison gas allowed for there to be mass killings in a battle. These attack took the place of people just shooting at one another, now an attack could come from anywhere or anyone and so many people were dying in these attacks that it was having horrible lasting effects on the surviving people. The conditions were so bad that it was leaving many shell shocked and with mental and physical problems.

Critical Thinking 19-5!

Why do you think Germany escalated its U-Boat attacks in 1917?

Germany was in a competition with Britain and for nationalistic reasons they wanted to be superior, especially in military, to Britain so it would cause them to try and create a strong superior navy, one made with U Boats. Also Germany would want a better navy to have an easier time with imperialism. Germany started to escalate its u boat attacks because of the blockade put upon them by Britain. Britain had a strong naval strength and decided to use it to block the coast of Germany to keep weapons, food, and other supplies from being transfered. This in effect caused famine that lead to around 750,000 Germans starving to death. Germany had to retaliate this blockade and so they upped there U Boat attacks. The boats had the authority to attack any boat in British waters. The favoring of submarines was due to the fact that it was a more stealth form of attack.

Critical Thinking 19-4!

Why were Americans ties with the Allies stronger than its ties with the Central Powers?

Americas ties with the Allies were stronger than its ties with the central powers. The central powers consisted of Germany while the Allies were countries like France and Britain. The ties to Britain were stronger because many more Americans felt close to Britain. Britain and America had a common ancestry and they both had a similar language. There were even further similarities like both having similar legal systems and democratic institutions. Democracy also turned more Americans against Germany when President Wilson stated that the German Empire could become a treat to democracy.

Also Americans sympathy towards Britain was far superior then for Germany. When Americans heard of the Germans attacks of Britain civilians, destroying towns and other horrid acts, they grew to consider German as some form of a war "bully". Even though some of these attacks were just propaganda to swing favor towards Britain there was enough of it to really draw out sympathy from the untied States.

Lastly, America had economic ties that were much stronger with the Allies then with the Central Powers. It had always been that way with trade but with the war it became even greater. It was becoming increasingly difficult to trade with Germany because of the British blockade. Also trade with the Allies was growing due to the demand of war supplies being manufacturing in the United Sates.